Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is the collective term applied to a group of chronic enteropathies characterized by persistent or recurrent gastrointestinal (GI) signs and inflammation of the GI tract. It is widely accepted that IBD involves a complex interplay among host genetics, the intestinal microenvironment (principally bacteria and dietary constituents), the immune system, and environmental “triggers” of intestinal inflammation.1 However, the specific steps that lead to IBD and the basis for phenotypic variation and unpredictable responses to treatment are not known. This article will examine the role of diet in the etiopathogenesis and treatment of IBD in dogs.