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Canine diabetes mellitus: from phenotype to genotype.

This article investigates specific genes and their possible association with canine diabetes mellitus (DM), particularly canine major histocompatibility complex genes (dog leucocyte antigen). Three specific haplotypes were found after typing 530 diabetic dogs and more than 1000 controls in the UK for dog leucocyte antigen. The DLA-DRB1*009/DQA1*001/DQB1*008 haplotype, common in canine breeds prone to DM (Samoyed, cairn terrier and Tibetan terrier), showed the highest association with DM. The DLA-DQA1*001 allele is also associated with hypothyroidism and might be a susceptibility allele for canine immune-mediated endocrinopathies.